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Trafficking and Displacement - October 2009

Our October 2009 Issue: Human Trafficking and Displacement

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October 2009 Issue: Human Trafficking & Displacement

In our most recent issue, Foreign Policy Digest tackled the theme of human trafficking and displacement, analyzing how different nations and global regions are affected by and react to the issue of forced human migration, taking into account the complex variety of ways in which this issue manifests itself across the world.

Writing for the Americas, Rita Siemion examines current legal and political battles to combat human trafficking in the U.S., one of the world's oldest democracies.

Meanwhile, in FPD's Asia section, Jennifer Nikolaeff examines similar anti-trafficking struggles in one of the world's newest democracies, Timor-Leste.

Writing for Europe/Russia, Sarah Magallanes reminds us that Europe's sex trafficking problems help fuel problems in the rest of the world.

In the Africa Section, Colin Thomas-Jensen discusses the uncertain fate of two million displaced citizens in the eastern provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Finally, writing for the Middle East, Joseph Marks addresses the complex realities of migration and displacement in the West Bank and its implications for Middle East peace.

Adam Benz is Editor-in-Chief of Foreign Policy Digest.

 

Combating Human Trafficking in Timor-Leste

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DEVELOPMENTS 
 

The fledgling government of Timor-Leste has made significant improvements to its interagency coordination of anti-human trafficking activities assisted by the United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT). In January 2008, UNMIT and civilian Timorese police successfully raided a sex trafficking ring and arrested 13 people who operated a sex trade in bars.  In response to this bust and other significant cases, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the Alola Foundation hosted a two-day seminar in March 2008 on the challenges of countering human trafficking and best practices to mobilize local actors on the ground. 

 

However, though the United Nations Department of Peace Keeping Operations (UNDPKO) has instituted strict policies regarding UN staff patronizing such establishments, reports of sexual exploitation by UN staff continue to surface in Timor-Leste. 

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Reforming a Predatory Army in Eastern Congo

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DEVELOPMENTSCongolese soldier

Each of the two million displaced civilians in the eastern provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo has a gut-wrenching story. In my five trips to eastern Congo since July 2007, the political dynamics have shifted dramatically, but the atrocities, displacement, and resulting humanitarian catastrophe are a painful reminder of a simple truth: ending the Congolese army’s predatory behavior is a perquisite to lasting stability in the country.

The Congolese army is by no means the only bad actor in this conflict. A host of other domestic and foreign armed groups share responsibility for the grim catalog of horrors routinely visited upon Congolese civilians. Yet militias and foreign rebel groups operate so freely in eastern Congo precisely because the state is unable to secure its own territory.

For all of the international effort that has gone into stabilizing the country – years of diplomacy, a large U.N. peacekeeping presence, and hundreds of millions of dollars in development and humanitarian funding – efforts to reform and professionalize the Congolese armed forces have received remarkably little attention from key donors. Until the international community adopts a sustained and comprehensive approach to overhaul the Congolese army, the cycle of violence and displacement will continue.

 

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Slavery in the New Century

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DEVELOPMENTS    Arguing the link between human trafficking and immigration issues  
Many people in the U.S. have still not heard of human trafficking, despite it being the fastest growing criminal enterprise in the world.  Those who are aware of it often still see it as a problem that happens only in far away Southeast Asian countries.  The reality is that human trafficking occurs in virtually every country in the world, including in the U.S.  In the Americas, like other parts of the world, the rich countries in the north (like the U.S.) act as “destination” countries that provide the demand for services provided by trafficking victims, while poorer countries to the south serve as “source” countries, which provide the victims.  Within the U.S., human trafficking has been reported in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, with the majority of trafficking victims who are brought into the U.S. coming from Mexico.
 
Just this week, a New Jersey woman was convicted of human trafficking for tricking young women and girls from Africa into coming to the U.S. based on promises of work opportunities and then confiscating their visas and forcing them to work in hair braiding salons without pay.  Also recently, the FBI has been combating trafficking schemes along the east coast, including in Charlotte and D.C., in which teenage immigrants from Mexico are being forced into prostitution, including underage girls who have been forced to have sex with as many as 100 clients per week.
 
Unfortunately, while startling, these stories are not at all unique in the U.S.  An estimated 17,500 people are trafficked from other countries into the U.S. each year, according to the State Department’s recently released 2009 annual report on Trafficking in Persons.   

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Human Commodities? - A Look at Human Trafficking and the Rise of this Illicit Global Trade

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DEVELOPMENTS

Slavery as we once knew it no longer exists, but new, contemporary forms have taken its place. One of the largest rings of contemporary slavery exists in the form of human trafficking. 27 million people are trapped in modern-day slavery. Of this number 800,000 people are trafficked across international borders. Even more startling, 80% of transnational victims of human trafficking are women and girls. Furthermore, one million children are exploited by the global commercial sex trade. In Western Europe , an estimated 700,000 women are illegally trafficked annually. 


U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon states “Millions of our fellow human beings continue to live as contemporary slaves, victims of abominable practices like human trafficking, forced labour and sexual exploitation.” He continues, “Countless children are forced to become soldiers, work in sweat shops or are sold by desperate families, and women are brutalized and traded like commodities.” Several of the causes for these conditions are poverty, social exclusion, and contemporary discrimination.  
 
 
 
 
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